Book Review English Grammar in Use (Fifth Edition)

Book Review English Grammar in Use (Fifth Edition) There are quite a few good grammar books available nowadays, but English Grammar in Use is still my favorite. A new fifth edition was published this year, and I will continue recommend it to students. Though it is advertised as a book for intermediate learners, I usually recommend it even to upper-intermediate and advanced students.The 145 units in the book (and related appendices and extra exercises) make it a fairly comprehensive look at English grammar. With 34 years worth of revisions over the course of the books five editions some obvious thought has been put into how the information in the book is presented. It is remarkably easy to follow.A moderate level of revision has occurred since the fourth edition was published in 2012. This seems to mostly have affected the organization of the exercises in the book, but the explanatory parts have been revised to some extent as well. On a shallower note, Im happy to report that the illustrations in the book finally reflect a modern aest hetic those in the fourth edition were not particularly attractive.Overall, though, the book maintains the organization used since at least the second edition (the earliest I have in my collection). Each unit is two facing pages long. The left-hand page explains a specific grammar point, and the right-hand page includes exercises that students can work through. Answers are included at the end, though Cambridge does sell a version with those omitted. The seven appendices list verb forms, contractions, tricky spelling rules and notes about American English usage. There is also a study guide which might help students discover specific grammar points they should focus on.Note that the units are grouped into logical chapters (present and past, modals, adjectives and adverbs, etc) rather than from easy to difficult. This isnt a book that students work through from the beginning to end, but rather one where they focus on units covering their specific needs. The study guide might help, but they really need a teacher to show them the way. While the cover bills this as a self-study guide, it is better used as a supplement to classroom instruction or personal tutoring.These activities pair well with Cambridges companion text English Grammar in Use: Supplementary Exercises. That book was updated in 2019 to match the new edition of the main text. Obviously, it provides additional practice which matches the units in the main book. Keep in mind, though, that it book lumps units together, and not always in chronological order.A Note About EditionsThere is an American version of the book called Grammar in Use Intermediate. I always get the original English version since it is usually published first. However, it seems that in 2018, for the first time ever, the American version was released first. Go figure. Note that the American version is very similar, with just a few small differences.There is also a version for Android and Apple devices, but it is based on the older fourt h edition and the pricing kind of sucks one free chapter (six units) and about $2.00 per chapter after that.Cambridge also publishes Advanced Grammar in Use. It was last updated in 2012, but I am not familiar with it.For my TOEFL StudentsFor the record, if I havent been able to properly identify which units a specific student should focus on, here are the chapters and units I suggest to them. I think reviewing them will help students to write effective TOEFL essays:PresentandPast(units2, 3, 4, 5, 6)Presentperfectandpast(units 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16)Future (units19, 20)Modals (units26, 27)-ingandto (units53, 56, 60, 62)Articlesandnouns (units71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 79, 81)Pronouns and determiners (units 85, 87)Adjectivesandadverbs (units105, 106, 107, 108)conjunctionsandprepositions (units 113, 119)Prepositions (all units)Phrasal verbs (all units)Obviously that just scratches the surface of English grammar, but it is usually a good start for the tasks students complete in the w riting section of the TOEFL. Or maybe it is too much. Who knows?

Mark Twain Is The Pen Name Used By American Writer

Melissa Izzo Professor Rachel Braaten HUM 2235 24 October 2014 Mark Twain Mark Twain is the pen name used by American writer Samuel Langhorn Clemens. Twain is an iconic American author and humorist who used both his personal struggles and gifts as a writer, to impact society from the nineteenth century into the present. He came from a large family and was born in Florida, Missouri, and lived from 1835 to 1910. Two of Mark Twain’s works which become a staple of his career were The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and the sequel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Like everyone else, Mark Twain had a personal life beyond his writings which consisted of a marriage and children. Lesser known of his works, Mark Twain published a science-fiction novel along with many short stories and essays. Toward the end of his life, Mark Twain experienced both fame and personal struggle, which led to his inevitable death. Samuel Langhorn Clemens was born on November 30th, 1835 to his mother and father, Jane Lampton Clemens and John Marshall. He was the sixth born of their children, who all stayed in the small town of Florida, Missouri until Twain was four years old. Then, in 1839, the family moved not too far, to the town of Hannibal in Mississippi. Sadly, at the age of thirteen, Twain had to leave school to become a printer’s assistance after his father died of pneumonia. Few people know where the pen name â€Å"Mark Twain† comes from. When he turned seventeen, Twain moved out of Hannibal to St. LouisShow MoreRelatedSamuel Clemens : The Father Of American Literature1614 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Literature is a literary genre that is one of the many branches formed from the much broader literary genre, English Literature. Stories such as The Great Gatsby, Of Mice and Men, The Crucible, and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer are all popular examples of American Literature. Many of the most well-known written works of American Literature can be funneled back to one person, Samuel Clemens. Many people might say, who is Samuel Clem ens? However, if they are informed of his â€Å"pen† name, theyRead MoreMark Twain : A Man Beyond Color1541 Words   |  7 PagesMark Twain: A Man Beyond Color For skilled labor workers in the mid-1800’s, jobs were plentiful; however, most required an apprenticeship to hone their skills to perfection as a way to secure a job (Armstrong, 2015). Specifically, Samuel Clemens’ mother decided, upon the death of her husband in 1847, Samuel was to begin an apprenticeship with Joseph Ament, owner of the Missouri Courier (Dempsey, 2003). Just before the death of Clemens’ father, because of financial distress, his mother took a jobRead MoreEssay about Mark Twain1654 Words   |  7 PagesMark Twain Mark Twain is believed to be the father of all American literature. Twain was known for writing about issues of his time such as slavery, due to his style of honesty and truth he was known as one of the very first modernist writers. Mark Twain had many inspirations that motivated him to write his novels. The inspirations varied from events that he witnessed and experienced, people he met in his lifetime, other stories he read or heard about, and his environment. The writer knownRead MoreEssay on Twain is His Name, Even if He Was Born Samuel L. Clemens523 Words   |  3 PagesMany people have heard of Mark Twain, but his real name is Samuel L. Clemens. He is one of the most influential authors in writing, and he is the guy with the white suit and a cigar (Brown, Don). His career has inspired many to become authors, but he faced many challenges in his older years, which affected his ideal of becoming wealthy. Nevertheless, he has had an impact on American Literature, securing him a spot in the History Hall of Fame. Mark Twain had a typical childhood for his time, butRead More Biography of Mark Twain Essay1429 Words   |  6 PagesBiography of Mark Twain Mark Twain was a writer whose works revolved around his childhood experiences growing up on the Mississippi River. The main source of his writing was the time he spent in Hannibal, Missouri as a young boy. He also used his childhood friends in many of his work, such as modeling the character Sid in Huck Finn after his brother Henry. Twain also used the happy times in his life to express his feeling in his writings. Twain used the trials of his life to make his works humorousRead MoreMark Twain3000 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿ Mark Twain’s Impact on American Literature. Multi-Genre Research Paper Table of Contents: Prologue†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.†¦.3 Expository Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.4-6 Multi-Genre Project†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7-12 Epilogue†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 Works Cited †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 Prologue. When I was thinking about the topic for my research paper I could not come up with any ideas. Then I looked through my entire English binder andRead MoreThe Secret Of Getting Ahead Is Getting Started1713 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The secret of getting ahead is getting started.† - Mark Twain Writing imposing stories on a boy by the name of Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn and the mighty Mississippi River, Mark Twain ventured the American soul with intelligence, optimism, and a keen eye for the truth. He became nothing less than a national treasure (AE Television). Early Life Samuel Langhorne Clemens was born on November 30, 1835, in a minute village of Florida, Missouri, he was the sixth child of Jane and John Clemens. AtRead MoreMark Twain Literary Devices1441 Words   |  6 Pagesher point across. A literary device is a technique used by an author to produce a special effect on his or her writing. On November 30th, 1835 a great author was born. His real name was Samuel Clemens, but went by a pen name of â€Å"Mark Twain†. For his time no one wrote like Twain because of his unique use of literary devices. His writing was hilarious and told the truth. There are three main ways that Mark Twain uses these different devices. Twain specifically uses the literary elements of tone, hyperbolesRead MoreEssay on A Brief Biography of Mark Twain1322 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom living life and experiencing the hustle and bustle of a river town. Clemens later went on to become a riverboat pilot perpetuated by displaying his yearning for travel. While on the river Samuel’s pen name became the name we all know today, Mark Twain. A term that riverboat engineers used to describe the depth of the waters the boat traveled. Twain’s humoristic writing style was influenced by his days as an editor of a local newspaper. A news paper that was saturated with jokes and tallRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain922 Words   |  4 PagesSamuel Langhorne Clemens went under a pen name of Mark Twain when he began his career as a writer. Born on November 30, 1835, Mark Twain went on to write a couple of novels that have become known as an American classic. One of his most famous novels is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which was published in 1884. The novel follows the journey and adventures of a boy named Huck and a runaway slave named Jim. In chapters twenty-one and twenty-two, Twain uses diction, character, and setting to establish

Suzy Bishops Books in Wes Andersons Moonrise Kingdom

Wes Andersons  Moonrise Kingdom  is a story about young love that was written by Anderson and Roman Coppola. Filmed in Rhode Island in 2011, the film was released in 2012 to critical acclaim and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, as well as for the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture — Musical or Comedy.    In the movie, Sam, a Khaki Scout at camp on the island of New Penzance, runs away with a local girl, 12-year-old Suzy Bishop, who shows up at their appointed meeting place with her kitten, her brothers portable record player and a suitcase filled with books. While the books are a creative film prop, they are essential to understanding Suzys character and its fantastic that she reads them to Sam throughout their adventure. Suzy Bishops Books The six fictitious  books that Suzy packed in her suitcase were stolen from her public library and included  Shelly and the Secret Universe, The Francine Odysseys, The Girl from Jupiter, Disappearance of the 6th Grade, The Light of Seven Matchsticks and The Return of Auntie Lorraine. You can learn more about them and listen to Suzy reading from them in this animated short. According to the producer of the film, the animated shorts were originally going to be part of the movie. Artists were hired to design the covers of the books as well, which are prominently displayed in the film. After giving it further thought, Anderson decided to shoot the characters faces as they read excerpts from the  books rather than show the animated shorts. The end result displays more of the character development and leaves some interpretation to the viewers imagination while allowing for snippets of a story within a story.   Although the books are quite charming — both in their creative conception and in the film — they are not real. Anderson wrote only the excerpts that are read aloud in the film. Pertaining to Suzys character development, the titles of the books loosely adhere to the overall plotline of the movie. From Suzy and Sams secret universe that theyve built for themselves, their odysseys, Suzys dark internal world, to returning back home, Suzys books offer an imaginative outlet for their summer adventure. Books in Wes Anderson Movies Books have played a key role in many of Wes Andersons movies. Take for example  The Royal Tenenbaums, which itself was entirely framed as a book. The viewer sees the book checked out of the library at the movies beginning and shots of the chapter pages throughout the movie. No fewer than four characters in The Royal Tenenbaums are professional writers.   Anderson takes great care to create and establish realistic details in his movies, whether it be books, maps or cities. This thorough attention to detail is a key element of the movie-goers experience, allowing viewers to feel as if theyve just stumbled upon an entirely new universe.

Literary Analysis The Dak Of Amontillado - 877 Words

Literary analysis: THE CASK OF AMONTILLADO The short story THE CASK OF AMONTILLADO is a story about of a person name Montresor. That has been seeking revenge. Its all happening in the Carnival season. Montresor was wearing a black silk mask. He says to Fortunato that he has something to pass for Amontillado, A light Spanish sherry. Fortunato wears the multi-colored costume of a jester with cone cap and bells. Montresor tells Fortunato that if he is too busy he can ask lunches to taste. Fortunato is considering lunches a competitor and this man could not tell Amontillado from the type of sherry. Fortunato is not painted to drink the wine and Montresor not is truly amontillado. Fortunato keeps asking to the vaults. Montresor has a plan to†¦show more content†¦The layer continues to rise. Montresor is about to finish and Fortunato laughs as if the jokes played on him. For a plea. For the love of God, Montresor! Fortunato never answers Montresor. Montresor heart felt sick because of the dampness of the catacombs. The las t stone into place and plaster the wall closed. The sound of jingling of Fortunato bells. For fifty years, he writes, no one had disturbed them. Concludes Latin phrase meaning may he rest in peace. The story revenge and secret murders to avoid any punishment. Montresor experiences of Fortunato insulting to the name himself a judge. Montresor in this fifty years after it’s happened. The amount of passage of time between the events and the story of the story. Montresor the rationale of evidence such as of insult that would be guilty. The color imagery is central to the questioning of Montresor. His face was cover, Montresor represents not justice but a gothic opposite. Fortunato costume of the court fool who get fooled by Montresor masked motives. Fortunato Italian for the fortunate one. That even the carnival. Montresor distorts its abandon turning the carnival. Montresor family that the vaults foreshadow the story. Two men underground travel that would represent the travel the underworld as they go deeper and further into the vault. Taking the carnival underground of the vault. The story builds up the suspense by foreshadowing the story thats lead to the events that has

Purchasing Management Fraser and Neave

Question: Discuss about the Purchasing Management Fraser and Neave. Answer: Fraser and Neave: Purchasing Management Fraser and Neave (FN) is an organization associated with brewing, property development, food and beverages since 1883. Fraser and Neave are well-known among Singapores brands and is one of the oldest organizations (Faeser and neave,1983). The business related to its food and beverage is its most traditional business which has also got international brands licensed. The purchasing manager has certain responsibilities and duties other than placing orders with the vendors and suppliers. Moreover, it is the duty of purchasing manager to look after the relationship building with the people who are behind the scenario of the company but are involved in the purchase related activities. There are four major duties of the purchasing manager such as: contract related duties, the procurements duties, management duties and analytical decisions to be taken. To analyze the purchasing properly one has to be familiar with what is actually going on in the market and what do actually the people desire to have in near future. Deciding all these in a right way is important for a purchasing manager. This process of decision making shall also include the process of finding the problems and making the procedure to be better organized. For this the purchasing procedure is divided among five major categories, with the help of the strategic sourcing of products are as: Discovering the most potential suppliers. Evaluating the suppliers properly. Selection of the suppliers. Development of the suppliers. Managing good relationships with the suppliers. Relating to the purchasing management there are three aspects which shows the effectiveness of purchasing management, done by the purchasing manager. These aspects include factors such as: supplier selection criteria, the purchasing costs included and the effectiveness of information technology for the purchasing and operations management (Kang, 2010). Supplier and selection criteria and related issues: Supplier and selection criteria is the important aspect of purchase management which includes the formation of specific teams for different sectors of the organizations such as the representative for purchasing, handling the quality management, production costs and the engineering of the operations (Kusjanto, 2001). This is called as cross functional type of team representation. Specifically there is a supplier selection criterion which is followed in the following manner: with the products and services that are to be purchased. To handle the quality system of the products or services including the level of sophistication required by the system of the quality. For the selection criterion also the capacity requirements are to be met with the potential of the delivery schedule which is desired. Moreover, the financial stability is to be met. For such the technical help must also be there for the support and hence the willingness to develop the long term relationship along with the customized designed. Fit in the total costs of the deals done with the suppliers this includes the costs related to raw material, the communications methods, all the inventory costs and the costs relating to audit and accounts. Also the suppliers must make a track record for the past changes and improvements for that matter which has taken place. At the end of the financial year taking place, the in all costs relating to the assessments made must be presented in total. The roles and responsibilities of the purchasing manager in the supplier and selection criteria, which is seen in the Faeser and neave are as: that the supplier must be potential enough with respect to the costs, quality and safety, delivery of the products on right time, services, social responsibility, other risks involved, agility and the convenience. These are the qualities of the potential suppliers which helps in the efficient management of the supplier chain in an organization. In reference to a purchasing manager, these are the roles and the responsibilities of him. Moreover, it is depends on their duty on analyzing the recent changes in the demand of the people and in which way the advancements and the recent updates about it are being analyzed on their basis of the collected data. The right decision of the purchasing manager, matters the most, and for the reason it is a must condition for the purchasing manager to know about the recent trends which the market possess and al so the people desire to have. This creates the process in the most efficient and hence as a result the procedure of selecting the supplier becomes more efficient when it comes to the purchasing manager. Purchasing costs Purchasing Costs is basically the gross value of an organization, which is required for the purpose of creating the working capital by the buyers. This purchasing price may also include the debts for which the deductions are to be made to acknowledge the equity share holding of an organization. Also, the buyer make the valuation estimate of the total actual amount which he/she wish to pay is known as the purchasing costs of the products manufactured. These costs may also include the provisions made under the non-cash of the working capital which is left regarding the sustenance for the future revenues further. This is meant by the purchasing costs of the company for the products manufactured. In an organization, when the purchases of any goods or services availed is done then they need to be analyzed also. During this procedure of analyzing the pricing done earlier is also verified. Each of the organization follows its own process for the part of analyzing. The procedure followed by the faeser and neave are defined as follows: Comparison among the competitive bids: this is one of the best measures to authenticate prices of the products or services. It is analyzed if the prices are reasonable or not. This overall is not the analysis for the total prices of the products determined. The lowest of the bids analyzed will not always represent the total costs. The comparison of price quotations: for some circumstances like the comparison of the recent past months, the price quotations with those of the newly determined are compared with the current quotes. This is more useful at the time of critically analyzing the competitive bids. Prices set by the law: when the prices are set by the regulation or the laws, the pricing structure is decided by the procurements made. When such prices are set then there is usually some kind of procurement is used in the pricing. All of these are referenced while the procurement of these items is done. Comparison of the similar items: in the era of competition amongst the similar products or services, it is usually the criteria to compare those products. This is recommended that the missed out specifications shall accompany the comparison among the prices. Comparisons of rough yardsticks: this technique is used when there is rough comparison made between the items which are most similar for example the costs per price test of the samples. Again, there must some of the explanation needs to be given for the analysis. In such a case, the supplier of the products has to give the information about the: Raw material used and their total costs. Total hours of work and labor required. Any special facilities or the tooling proposed. There must be a usage of the scrap. Disposal of the scrap. Also here the negotiations can take place, is the variables are found in this case (Borsuk, 2000). So therefore, it is concluded that the pricing and its costs analysis needs to be done. I recommend that these processes should be done in the efficient way in the organization for being the most successful. Uses of information and communication for the purchasing and operation management in Faeser and Neave Effective communication is important component for the purchasing management. Also the buyer and the supplier relationships are made by the effective uses of communication technologies in the purchase management. The purchasing managers use many of the ways of media to do communication with the suppliers and the buyers. This shall include the phone calls, meeting and discussing face to face, mails, usage of internet and the data which is interchanged electronically (Chan, 1998). Also, the communication depends upon how the transmission of the message is done in an organization. This improves the suppliers and purchasing behaviors. There are also for the purchase management several other media is used too. This for example can be used as the face to face for the purchase management activities. These are also used for purchase which impacts which transmitted electronically. The uses also have the limiting factor as the more of communication can turn out to be controversies in between t he buyers and the suppliers. These are modes used by the communication technology in the buying and purchasing for the purchasing management. Also, the expected benefits to it, includes the reduction in the performances lead-time and the shorter. This may take up less time in the delivery of the products which has the shorter lead-times. These are the uses and the advantages of the communication technology for the organization such as Faeser and neave. Moreover, the communication is essential because it provides the organization with the resources that it needs for the effective and quick communication. They can also use the way of communication as that of the video conferencing, the internal chat rooms which are made inside the organization and emails for the ease of better and effective conduction in the business and the communication. The advantages of communication with these technologies have become easier with no letter and paper sending. With the rapid usage and the adoption of the information and technology, it has been concluded that the organization like Faeser and neave has a bigger guidance over IT. This shall help in the purchasing management and the effective communication too. In addition to it, information technology has led in the gathering of the data which helps in the monitoring and in the sharing of the information. The relations in between supplier and the alliances of the supplier. In the way of the analysis tools for the purchasing management, the IT tools assists with the balance in between the firms which are including the buying process. The whole cost management approaches has to deal with the internal and the external information about the suppliers involved. Therefore, the development and the analysis by the organizations is done with the help of IT tools which are as the project-oriented costs management. Hence, this can be concluded as that in between the buyer and the seller the relationship s has strong influence over information and technology. Also, in case of the new product developments it has its immense influence over information and technology. These are the uses and the role of information technology and the communication in the process of the purchasing and the operations management with the help of their own specific tools meant for it. Faeser and neave being the top most organizations in Singapore strongly influences over it which has helped them build by strong buyer-seller relationships and the effective communication in making the organization bigger and successful. Conclusion Faeser and neave being the leading organizations amongst Singapore, has the objectives achieved with the help of the business strategies followed in the right manner. In addition to it, for the strategies to be effective and the objectives to be established the goals, vision and mission need to be very clear about it. For purchasing management to be more effective and efficient, it is necessary to make a right choice about the supplier selection, supply chain management, the procurement of the purchasing cost analysis and the effective uses of the newest driven information and the technology is to be used for it. Also, it is more important that the generation of value for money is there, as it is the key resource of purchasing management. This makes the goals of the business more strategic, in the purchasing management. It is concluded that in case the offerings according to the lowest costs of the raw materials, the negotiation techniques are also to be matched accordingly. And if t here is the increase strategy, there is a need to continuously evaluate the process and the ongoing deals. This helps in the long term relations with the supplier which shall help and support in negotiating in the supplier and the chain management. This is Faeser and neave purchasing management goals and the strategic management followed. References: Borsuk, R. (2000, June 26). FN attempts to fizz up operations but many want proof it isnt all gas. The Asian Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 20, 2017. Chan, D. (1998, December 12). FN earnings plunge 74%. The Straits Times. Retrieved January 20, 2017. Cua, G. (1995, April 8). FN to revamp its soft drinks and diary business in Malaysia. Business Times. Retrieved January 20, 2017. Fraser Neave. (1983). 1883-1983, the great years. Singapore: Fraser Neave. Fraser and Neave Limited. Retrieved January 20, 2017. Online from https://www.fraserandneave.com Fraser and Neave, Ltd. (1898, January 27). Singapore Free Press. Retrieved January 20, 2017. Goh, E. Y. (2006, November 11). FN hits another record net profit with $319.5m. The Straits Times. Retrieved January 20, 2017. Goh, E. Y. (2008, July 2). More questions than answers in FNs management revamp. The Straits Times. Retrieved January 20, 2017. Kang, W. C. (2010, November 22). Growth to continue at Fraser Neave, but stock has limited upside, analysts say. The Edge Singapore. Retrieved January 20, 2017. Koh, B. A. (1989, December 16). FN posts $155m pre-tax gain on record $1.1b sales. The Straits Times. Retrieved January 20, 2017. Kusjanto, M. (2001, August 20). Fraser Neave builds takeover defence. Reuters News. Retrieved January 20, 2017. Lee, H. S. (1997, January 6). Tough years ahead as FN extends regional presence. Business Times. Retrieved January 20, 2017. Lee, H. S. (2000, April 27). Whats in Times Publishing that attracts FN?. Business Times. Retrieved January 20, 2017. Poon, A. (2006, December 9). FN sells 14.9% stake to Temasek for $900m. The Straits Times. Retrieved January 20, 2017. Property leads FN earnings (1995, December 16). Business Times. Retrieved January 20, 2017. Raj, C. (2007, October 11). Breaking up may get easier to do at FN. Business Times. Retrieved January 20, 2017. Raj, C. (2007, October 15). FN gets extra shield with new chairman in place. Business Times. Retrieved January 20, 2017. Sreenivasan, V. (1999, October 14). Has FN lost its fizz after a century? Business Times. Retrieved January 20, 2017. Warden, G. (2007, February 19). FN catches tailwind from property boom. The Edge Singapore. Retrieved January 20, 2017. Yap, E. (2009, February 20). FN to regain distribution of soft drinks next year. The Straits Times. Retrieved January 20, 2017. Yap, E. (2010, July 27). Temasek exits FN with $436m profit fizz. The Straits Times. Retrieved January 20, 2017. Yusman, A. (1998, October 1). Fizzling out. Malaysian Business. Retrieved January 20, 2017.

A Dolls House Essays (479 words) - Literary Criticism, Explication

A Doll's House Explication of Dudley Randall's ?The Melting Pot? An explication is an interpretation of a written work. They differ from person to person in that we all don't interpret things alike. It seems to me that we learned in high school about literature and such was a waste of memorizing and testing because we were taught only ?right? answers about written works. There is no right way to interpret an author's work. What they do is leave doors open to make you think about their work. Even a songwriter does the same thing. Songs can be even more difficult to interpret than a poem or story because the first that thing usually attracts us to a song is the music and that is what we concentrate on mostly. Then a question comes about in my mind that why there has to be any answers or meaning to a work. Why can't I just enjoy a poem for the way it sounds when it is read aloud? Why can't I just enjoy a song for the way the words are put together and enjoy the music? It can be fun sometimes to analyze a work and pick out things like wonderful metaph ors. I can see where that comes in to literature. What I hate is when I read a really great story and I enjoy it and then I go to class and get hounded for answers and I give them and they're not right because I felt different about a story than someone else. Well, anyway, I'm going to do the best explication I can of Dudley Randall's ?The Melting Pot? on page 693. Bartorillo 2 ?The Melting Pot? seems to be about anyone and everyone being accepted as Americans except Blacks. The second set of four lines is kind of funny because it gives you several names that sound un-American and when they come to be an American they lose that and use a more American version of their name. Even when people came through Ellis Island they usually took a different name or made theirs shorter to be more American. The next four lines read about a Black man who is unaccepted as an American even though he's been there waiting for it. The poem seems to say that no matter where you're from if you're white you can become a white American no matter what country you're from. It seems to say that we're divided into Whites and Blacks regardless of nationalities. The end of the poem is where Blacks decide that they're going to be who they are and be proud of it and they don't care about being accepted or not. So that was my own interpretation of a poem. Someone else might have another idea about it but that is perfectly okay because our minds work in all different ways.

4 Simple Brainstorming Techniques To Help Write Killer Content

4 Simple Brainstorming Techniques To Help Write Killer Content Brainstorming is supposed to be about harnessing the power of thinking outside the box to solve that  impossible problem.  Its the magic that helps you find amazing, unique ideas. Its not magic,  of course, but when youre desperate- possibly with writers block- magic sounds good. Brainstorming techniques are what you turn to  when youre stuck and dont know what to do next. They can be  great tools because anyone- group or single person- can use them. 4 Simple #Brainstorming Techniques That Will Help You Write Killer #Content via @JulieNeidlinger4 Reasons You Should  Brainstorm If You Want To  Become A Better Writer But why go through the hassle of  using brainstorming techniques at all? There are generally four reasons that people turn to brainstorming: You need ideas. You have a problem to solve. You are looking to improve creative thinking. You want your team to work together better. The first two reasons get the lions share of the attention, but the last two, which lean toward extra-curricular exercises, are just as important. If you want to be ready during go-time for the first two, youd better take a few practice swings at it using the last two. Whether its just you or youre a part of a team, make brainstorming and creative challenges a regular habit. Brainstorming as a group. First, a caveat. Its no secret that Im wary of group brainstorming. That particular method of getting ideas has become a  standard solution for teams trying to solve problems. While it can sometimes create more problems than it solves by encouraging social loafing and rewarding some personalities over others, there are times when your team has to get together and come up with ideas. Brainstorming techniques  are also good for helping teams learn to work together. Brainstorming on your own. Brainstorming isnt reserved for groups of people, though thats how most of us think of it. There are times when youre on your own and need to generate ideas and solve problems all the same. As an artist and writer with deadlines, Im most familiar with brainstorming on my own.  In fact, I did a little solo brainstorming recently, for this very topic. While trying to come up with an idea for my own  blog post, I realized that it might be helpful to readers if I told them how I came up with ideas and got  past creative blocks in my own work- 14 ideas in all. As I looked through those 14 brainstorming techniques, I began to see three basic approaches to brainstorming that I thought would be useful to you. When you come to a roadblock, take a detour. - Mary Kay Ash 4 Brainstorming Techniques That Will Help You Write Creative Content Brainstorming techniques can take a few basic approaches. Once you understand how they work, you can mix and match them for the best results. 1. Use associative brainstorming techniques to get unstuck. Association is a powerful way to get past typical thinking, and to get out of a rut. We generally come up with ideas that are obvious at first, and associative brainstorming is a good way to artificially force yourself past that point instead of hours of work. Its a kind of shortcut that taps into the subconscious, the associations you already know but dont allow yourself to think. Associative brainstorming works best for copy writers, creativity exercises, or when youre stuck in a creative project and dont know what content to create next. This  can also be fun during your regular team building exercises. Word storm. A word storm is where you write down the words that come to mind when you see another word. You might start with a word or two based on your project, and begin writing down any word that comes to mind. These words are then grouped together according to how they are related to each other. Youll quickly create words that are associated or related, according to categories. There is a Word Storm website that can help you get started with word storm techniques. Word association. Word associations are the same as a word storm, except that you dont group according to how the words are related to each other. It works better as a technique to get creativity flowing when you dont want to bother with over-thinking how words are related. Start with a word or two, and write down the first words that come to mind. Dont over-think the process; you should be surprised at the words that pop into your head, particularly as you get warmed up. The goal is to find those hidden words that people associate with a topic that you dont immediately think of. Mind mapping. Using a mind map is a way to visually organize data and information.  Mind mapping has proven popular, particularly if you are better able to understand data visually instead of as lists or outlines. Organized around a central idea, a mind map works like the branch of a tree. Ideas and then sub ideas that are associated with the main idea branch off from the central idea. Word banks. Word banks are collections of words based on the kind of word you need based on a specific topic or theme. This kind of brainstorming technique works well for copywriters who want to find a variety of words that suit a specific project without repeating themselves. You can also use it to build a bank of words to keep on hand when writing your headlines. This is an example of power words we pulled together in a word bank to help you write more emotional headlines. Using a word storm might be one way to start a collection of words for your word bank, though the two techniques are not the same. Visual association. While visual associations aren't a typical tool for content marketers, they can be useful  both in planning beforehand as well as after visual content has been created. Using visual association after a project is completed would make sure that what you've created doesn't raise negative associations in your audience. It is best done by people who weren't on the team so that their associations are honest and not tainted by being too familiar with the project. Visual association is much like word association. Think of a Rorschach test, in which you jot down whatever words or thoughts come to mind when you see an image. The control for this method is what images you will use. I actually have a book where I collect images from magazines and other sources. You might do the same, or use a different image source. Need #brainstorming inspiration? Try word storms, word associations, mind mapping, or word banks.2. Use measurable brainstorming to choose the best solution. In some situations, you need to make decisions that are based on more than random associations. This is where problem solving brainstorming steps in, when you need something concrete. Pros and cons. You probably already use an on-the-fly method of pros and cons to make decisions in life. Writing down pros and cons in a structured manner with a few rules can make this a powerful tool. Write down what you are trying to choose between. Then, list the pros and cons to tally up a total. The option with the most pros is the route to go. You have to be careful to not cheat, though, and purposefully stack the list the way you want it to go. Let's look at an example of cheating. Say that Jim, Todd, and Erica make up Team B.  Cheating would look like this: Con: Team A will be upset. Pro: Jim will be happy. Pro: Todd will be happy. Pro: Erica will be happy. Three pros, one con, the pros have it! Pros and cons help you cut through the gray area where you either aren't sure what to do, or don't want to admit what you know you should do. When done right, the numbers are convincing. Pros and cons (weighted). There are times when some pros and cons outweigh others. In this case, you would need to weight the list because each item is not equally important. To do this, you'd need to start by listing your top goals, the things most important to you. Instead of each list item being counted as one, the more important items in your list of goals would have a higher weight. Pros and cons seem simple, but we have a tendency to cheat. Often, there is a decision we want to be the right one and we try to validate it by loading the pros and cons either way. When pros and cons just don't work, try weighted measurable #brainstorming.3. Take a new view to gain an entirely new perspective. While associative brainstorming helps you find entirely new paths, and measurable brainstorming gives you confidence to make decisions, finding a new view works when you're on the right track but just not able to nail it down. It's that feeling of being so close, but not quite there. Ask, "What if..." By simply asking, "What if?", you can turn everything on its head. Many fiction writers advocate asking yourself "what if" not only when you're stuck, but even when the writing is going well. Wondering what might happen if something changed, and using your brainstorming prowess to run with it, is a good way to get a different view on the project or problem. Think prepositionally. My 7th grade English teacher did me a great service when she helped us understand prepositional phrases by visualizing a box. Prepositional phrases generally tell where something was, and so she said that any time you saw a phrase in a sentence that could be used in relation to a box, you probably were dealing with a prepositional phrase. For example: in the box, under the box, over the box, beside the box, and so on. When it comes to brainstorming, it's not about writing prepositional phrases, but it's about imagining the problem or project you are working on to be like that box. What if you took a swing at it from the other side? From under it? From ahead of it? Now you start challenging yourself to think of something from a different perspective, from a different time (past or present) and all sorts of directions. Ask questions. Oddly, most of us, particularly when working in teams, have the answers we're looking for (or close to it). We feel stuck, though, because we aren't able to sift through all the questions and the rest of the creative noise and pare down to that answer we wanted. By whittling away at what you know and removing the extraneous from the table, you can push aside the curtain and finally see the answer. This is where questions come into play. Write down the questions you have about the project or problem. Then, for each of these questions, start listing the answers quickly. As you begin to answer the initial questions, other questions will come to mind that are associated with the answers you're jotting down. Write down these sub-questions and do the same procedure. In a way, it's like creating an outline that is based on questions.